Prostate Cancer
“Have you ever experienced difficulty in urination, or decreases in speed during urination?” Many elderly men experience such problems and are ashamed to discuss it. Some even consider it as a common aging process. In fact, this may be a sign of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is the third most commonly seen cancer in males in Hong Kong. According to statistics, there are about 2204 new cases each year and most patients are over 60. The older you are, the greater the chances are of you getting it. Since prostate cancer has a slow growth rate, the sooner you treat it, the greater chance of recovery. It is suggested that males above 50 should have regular prostate examination.
Causes of prostate cancer
The cause of prostate cancer is still unknown. However, recent research showed that high fat and high protein diet, as well as viral infection, such as HPV and EB virus, may increase the chances of having prostate cancer.
Symptoms of prostate cancer
What is the prostate? The prostate has the shape of a walnut. It is a gland located in the male reproductive system between the bladder and rectum, surrounding the urinary tract. However, prostate cancer has no obvious signs in the early stages until the tumor grows big enough to cause urinary problems, such as hesitation during urination, pain, frequent urination, and nocturia. Patients may suffer from severe weight loss in the later stages.
Examination for prostate cancer
Doctors will first perform a digital examination to examine the condition of the prostate and the chances of having cancer.
A blood test for PSA will be performed if it is necessary. If PSA concentration is high, an ultrasound scan, CT or MRI will be performed to confirm the diagnosis. X rays will also be performed to check whether there is bone metastasis.
Besides, the most effective diagnosis is rectal biopsy, though it may cause hematuria, etc. A urologist will assess the risk before performing the biopsy.
Treatment for prostate cancer
Besides conventional surgery with an incision on the lower abdomen or the groin, treatments for prostate cancers in early stages include minimally invasive surgery to remove the tumor with the use of laparoscopic instruments. Recently, the use of robotic surgery has been adopted in surgeries for prostate cancer as well.
Moreover, radiotherapy, including external and internal treatment, may also be adopted. The former one is performed from the outside of the body, while the later one includes the intake of radioactive substances to emit radiation towards the cancer cells. For elderly patients, it is better to have medications or injections to control the symptoms by suppressing the production of male hormones.
Risks of prostate cancer surgery
Removal of the prostate may cause urinary incontinence. Severe complications are rare.
Prevention of prostate cancer
Low fat, low protein diet
Having an annual prostate examination if you are over 50 with a family history of prostate cancer.
The information on this website is for general educational purpose only.
Readers should consult their physician before considering treatment, and should not interpret their condition solely based on the information above.